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1.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 82(5): 722-731, Oct. 2022. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1405728

RESUMO

Resumen Introducción: La problemática de las enterobacterias productoras de carbapenemasas (EPC) se exacerbó con la pandemia por COVID-19 en países con una incidencia previa elevada, como la Argentina. Este estudio describe el desarrollo y resultados de un programa de prevención de EPC, fundamental mente Klebsiellas productoras de carbapenemasas (KPC), en tres unidades críticas de dos hospitales públicos durante 6 meses de la pandemia. Métodos: El objetivo fue reducir la incidencia de KPC en muestras clínicas y de colonización. Este estudio, quasi experimental, se basó en un ciclo de mejora e implementación de tres me didas: higiene de manos, higiene ambiental y vigilancia periódica con hisopados rectales. Resultados: Respecto a las medidas, todas las unidades mejoraron la vigilancia activa y dos de estas tuvieron además mejoría en la higiene de manos e higiene ambiental. Comparando los períodos pre y post intervención en las tres unidades no se observaron cambios significativos en la tasa de muestras clínicas KPC positivas. Se logró disminuir en forma significativa la colonización por KPC en dos unidades (unidad 2: 51.6-18.5 p 0.0004, unidad 3: 62.5-5.2 p < 0.0000001). Todas las unidades mostraron hacia el final del estudio una tendencia al descenso en ambas tasas. Conclusión: Contener o reducir el avance de KPC en nuestra región es posible incluso en escenarios difíciles como el de la pandemia. Se necesitan más estudios en países de ingresos bajos y medianos, para demostrar el impacto de los programas de prevención de KPC en estas situaciones.


Abstract Introduction: The problem of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) was exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic in countries with a previous high incidence, such as Argentina. This study describes the development and results of a CPE prevention program, mainly carbapenemase-producing Klebsiellas (KPC), in three critical units of two public hospitals during 6 months of the pandemic. Methods: The objective was to reduce the incidence of KPC in clinical and colonization samples. This quasi-experimental study was based on a cycle of improvement and implementation of three measures: hand hygiene, environmental hygiene, and periodic surveillance with rectal swabs. Results: Regarding the measures, all the units optimized active surveillance, and two of these also improved hand and environmental hygiene. Comparing the pre- and post-intervention periods in the three units, no significant change was observed in the rate of KPC positive clinical samples. KPC coloni zation was significantly reduced in two units (unit 2: 51.6-18.5 p 0.0004, unit 3: 62.5-5.2 p < 0.0000001). All units showed a downtrend in both rates towards the end of the study. Conclusion: Containing or reducing the advance of the KPC in our region is possible even in difficult scenarios such as the pandemic. More studies are needed in low- and middle-income countries to demonstrate the impact of KPC prevention programs in these situations.

2.
Actual. SIDA. infectol ; 30(109): 11-29, 20220000. fig
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1392440

RESUMO

El virus de la viruela símica es un orthopoxvirus de características zoonóticas endémico en las regiones de África Central y África Occidental, donde causa brotes desde 1970. En las últimas décadas se registró un aumento exponencial de casos, probablemente asociado a la disminución en la inmunidad conferida por la vacuna antivariólica, discontinuada luego de la erradicación de la viruela. En los últimos años se registraron casos esporádicos fuera del continente africano, siempre relacionados epidemiológicamente a la permanencia en áreas endémicas o contacto con animales infectados. Desde el 13 de mayo de 2022 se encuentra en curso el mayor brote de viruela símica registrado fuera de las áreas endémicas de África, con casos en los cinco continentes. La extensión, el impacto y la duración del brote permanecen aún inciertos.


Monkeypox virus is an orthopoxvirus with zoonotic characteristics endemic in Central and West Africa regions, where it has caused outbreaks since 1970. An exponential increase in cases has been registered in the last decades, probably associated with a decrease in the immunity conferred by the smallpox vaccine, discontinued after smallpox eradication. In recent years, sporadic cases have been reported outside the African continent, always epidemiologically related to permanence in endemic areas or contact with infected animals. Since May 13, 2022, the largest monkeypox outbreak ever reported outside Africa endemic areas, with cases on the five continents, is unfolding. The extent, impact and duration of this outbreak still remain uncertain


Assuntos
Humanos , Vacinas , Orthopoxvirus/imunologia , Infecções por Poxviridae/terapia , Doenças Endêmicas , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/imunologia , Mpox/prevenção & controle , Mpox/terapia , Mpox/transmissão , Mpox/epidemiologia
3.
Prensa méd. argent ; 103(8): 448-451, 20170000. tab, fig
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1372221

RESUMO

Brucelosis es una zoonosis de distribución mundial. Argentina notifica 300 casos anuales. Entre agosto y octubre de 2015 diagnosticamos tres casos en un grupo familiar


The aim of the present report was to describe an outbreak of Brucellosis in a family group due to its unfrequency and etiological value. The infection caused by Brucella is a disease of animals (zoonoses) , and humans are accidental hosts. The major determinant of a human risk of acquiring the disease is the contact with infected animals. The genus Brucella contains four species pathogenic for humans: B. melitensis, B. abortus, B. suis and B. canis. Brucella are intracellular bacteria and among the species pathogenic for humans, B. melitensis are the most virulent. The organisms commonly enter the body through cuts in the skin of people handing infected animals or through their blood or secretions, and also the entry can include the respiratory or gastrointestinal tracts. Brucellosis exists worldwide, and Argentina reports 300 cases annually. Between August and October 2015, we diagnosed four cases in a family group: these cases are reported in the article.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Brucelose/diagnóstico , Brucelose/terapia , Família , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Alimentos Preparados
4.
Prensa méd. argent ; 103(9): 499-501, 20170000. fig
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1372002

RESUMO

La hidatidosis o equinococosis quística es una zoonosis causada por el cestode Echinococcus granulosus, responsable de importante morbilidad y mortalidad en todo el mundo. La presentación esplénica aislada tiene escasos reportes en la literatura mundial.


Hydatidosis or cystic echinococcosis is a zoonosis caused by the cestode of Echinococcus granulosus, responsible for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Isolated splenic presentation has few reports in the world literature. The aim of this report was to describe an unfrequent case of isolated splenic hydatidosis due to its etiologic value because of the inexistence of a simultaneous hepatic involvement


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Esplenectomia , Esplenomegalia/complicações , Zoonoses/complicações , Albendazol/uso terapêutico , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Equinococose/diagnóstico , Animais Domésticos
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